The Biological Basis of Language Development Essay

The Biological Basis of Language Development The principles and rules of grammar are the means by which the forms of language are made to correspond with the universal froms of thought....The structures of every sentence is a lesson in logic. BIOLOGICAL BASIS OF LANGUAGE [H]uman knowledge is organized de facto by linguistic competence through language performance, and our exploration of reality is always mediated by language (Danchin 29). Most higher vertebrates possess ‘intuitive knowledge’ which occurs as the result of slow evolution of species. However, the ability to create knowledge through language is unique to humans. According to Benjamin Whorf, language†¦. is not merely a reproducing instrument from voicing†¦show more content†¦The scholars considering spoken language acquisition have divided over internal and external causation dichotomy. Two prototypical models of language acquisition are selectivist and constructivist models, respectively. The selectivist model, which depends on internal causation argument, can be associated with Noam Chomsky. The selectivist model assumes that language template is pre-organized in the neuronal structure of the brain, so that the fact of being an integral part of a given en vironment selects the borders of each individual neuronal structure, without affecting its fine organization, which pre-exists (Danchin 30). The constructivist model, which assumes external causation of language acquisition, follows lines drawn by behaviorists such as Piaget and Skinner. This model assumes that language is built up constantly from a continuous interaction with a well-structured environment (Danchin 30). NOAM CHOMSKYS VIEW ON LANGUAGE Noam Chomsky basic argument is that there exists an innate language acquisition device, a neural program that prepares them to learn language (Kandel 638). Chomsky assumes the existence of a genetically determined system of rules, which he refers to as universal grammar, underlying all tongues. According to Chomsky, a language template is set up by the special language organ of the brain. Chomsky doesShow MoreRelatedLanguage And Development Of Language, Experience, Maturation And Readiness With The Aid Of A Child1143 Words   |  5 PagesLanguage plays a significant role in the process of transmitting knowledge and culture among mankind. Everyone learns a language at the early stages of life. From birth to seven years, a tremendous development of language skills is seen in a child. The essay states the various developmental phases of phonetics, morphology, semantics and syntax in a child. The behaviourist and cognitive theories states that nature and nurture plays a vital role in this process. The essay also throws light onRead MoreIs It A Critical Period For Sla?1288 Words   |  6 Pages3) CPH for SLA. 3.1) Is there a critical period for SLA? Since L1 acquisition is almost uniformly successful across languages, countries, and cultures, CPH research is primarily concerned with maturational constraints affecting acquisition of L2 rather than the acquisition of our mother tongue. The existence of a critical period for SLA is all the more disputed for several reasons. Most notably, adults as well as children, who have already acquired an L1, logically differ more markedly in learnerRead MoreThe Theory Of Language Development1606 Words   |  7 PagesP1 Language development Biological approach- Noam Chomsky believes that the ability to develop any sort of communication and language is genetically programmed into us. Because children develop language very fast it is likely that the ability to use language is genetically programmed within us like standing and walking is. We need experience from people around us to use language but we do not need to be trained to speak. Behaviourist approach- B.F. Skinner believes that language is developed throughRead MoreThe Developmental Stages Of Psychological Development1466 Words   |  6 Pageshumans go through a long path of development. Physical growth occurs along this path, but along with it, the most important and fundamental component of every human being also happens, this is known as psychological development. In reality, there are different evolutionary stages of psychological development by which all individuals must go through and complete in order to become self-sufficient, each with its special characteristics. The cognitive development of children has a lot involved withRead MoreThe Developmental Stages Of Psychological Development1494 Words   |  6 Pageshumans go through a long path of development. Physical growth occurs along this path, but along with it, the most important and fundamental component of every human being also happens, this is known as psychological development. In reality, there are different evolutionary stages of psychological development by which all individuals must go through and complete in order to become self-sufficient, each with its special characteristics. The cognitive development of children has a lot involved withRead MoreThe Biological Basis Of Personality Approach1747 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay will give a description of Personality before critically analysing the biological basis of personality approach. The biological basis approach tries to account for the mechanisms between genes and personality by looking at various different brain structures whilst the biochemical approach looks at the impact of hormones and neurotransmitters. The majority of our understanding of personality from a biological perspective focuses on the three main behavioural systems; the reward system, theRead MoreThe Usefulness Of Animal Models1052 Words   |  5 Pages‘Nevertheless, experimentation with animals has been critical to medical research..’ (Kalat, 2014:22) and ‘in many areas of medicine and biological psychology, research would progress slowly or not at all without animals’ (Kalat, 2014:22). In this essay I wil l discuss the usefulness of animal models in research in relation to brain and behaviour for human psychobiology. ‘Biological psychologists study the animal roots of behaviours, relating actions and experiences to genetics and physiology’ (Kalat, 2014:1)Read MoreAndy Clarks Natural-Born Cyborgs Essay1185 Words   |  5 Pagesordinary biological human life is not to be feared, either psychologically or morally. Clark offers several key concepts towards his line of reasoning. Clark argues that a human being thinks and reasons based on the biological brain and body dynamically linked with the culture and technological tools transparently accessible to the human. This form of thinking and reasoning develops new quot;thinking systemsquot; that which over time become second nature thoughts and reasons and are the basis of evenRead MoreThe Theory Of Sexuality By Sigmund Freud1654 Words   |  7 Pagesobtaining satisfaction from one’s own body. This feature, which Freud terms â€Å"auto-erotism†, is a key feature of infantile sexuality as it helps to develop erotogenic zones (47). For example, the infant finds pleasure in breastfeeding, which is a biological function for survival, and in the absence of a breast the infant seeks to reproduce this sensation in other ways such as thumb-sucking (45). In this case, the lips become an erotogenic zone, but as the child develops the sexual drive becomes fixatedRead MoreThe Theory Of Human Nature And Behavior1178 Words   |  5 Pagesnumber of characteristics, mannerisms, and unique traits that are not found in many other organisms across the globe. Two such characteristics, namely language and communication, are so distinct that they can be regarded as the main components for the development and creation of human nature itself, acting as the basis for human consciousness and development. However, although these social constructs appear to vary in their differences they are almost equally matched in number by their similarities. Both

Character Analysis Of Charlotte s Web And Their Influence...

Every novel contains characters that plays a significant role in development of plot. Primarily, what is the definition of a character, usually it means person, animal, or figure that are shown in a literature work. There are many characters in Charlotte’s Web and their influence on people that are going to be discussed in an essay. Animals in this story plays significant role and act almost like a humans. Moreover, animals present the biggest main characters in the book. Charlotte’s Web starts from a story about young pig, who was born on a farm. His name is Wilbur, he was the weakest piglet of offspring, because of that farmer wanted to kill him. However, farmer’s daughter- Fern stopped him and asked to look after Wilbur. The Father decided to give little pig to his daughter for teaching purposes. Fern cared about piglet very well and attached to him. When Wilbur became bigger, the Fern’s family decide to give him to her uncle and aunt, who lived nearby and had their own farm. From this place the main points of the story begins. The story continues with more characters that will play a significant role in life of the main character of the book- Wilbur. (White, E.B.) The main character is Wilbur. The pig, who now lives on the farm of Fern’s aunt and uncle. He had a fortune couple of times, first, when he was born a runt and was saved from death by one young girl. She look after him like a real baby. When he became older, there are might be noticed the character of Wilbur,Show MoreRelatedEssay about The Works of E. B. White1540 Words   |  7 Pages1925, a new magazine known as the The New Yorker appeared. White wanted a job there, so he decided to send in an essay of his and it was soon published. Soon after, he was offered a job. According to S. Ward, his writing helped make The New Yorker a success. White’s most important literary influence was Henry David Thoreau, the author of Walden: Or, Life In The Woods and it was the only book that White cared about owning (Bill Delaney). According to Delaney, Thoreau’s subtle humor and individualisticRead More Gender Issues in Childrens Literature: Then and Now Essay3293 Words   |  14 PagesGender Issues in Childrens Literature: Then and Now Charlottes Web, Anne of Green Gables, Treasure Island, Cinderella and Grimms Brothers fairy tales, have all been treasures of societys basic childrens literature. They covered their share of beauties, villains, conflicts and happy-endings that many of us remember till this day. But were we as societys children aware of the impact these stories made on our views of men and women? Although parents, teachers and other socializing agentsRead MoreFeminist Analysis : The Yellow Wallpaper 2184 Words   |  9 PagesJoe Purcaro English 155 Literary Analysis 04/17/2016 Feminism in the Yellow Wallpaper Everyone experiences life, whether it be happy times, bad times; it’s one big circle every human being goes through. In the story, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper, which is a feminist story that portrays the terror of the rest cure which is a period spent in inactivity or leisure with the intention of improving one s physical or mental health. Women especially, as it opposes manyRead MoreWomen, Hair, And Cancer10628 Words   |  43 Pages(social) Media [†¦]After going downstairs, for breakfast, Leonda picks up the remote and clicks on the TV. She â€Å"channels surfs† until she comes across a network morning show that has the stat of a big new Hollywood movie as a guest. [†¦] Later [†¦], [s]he spends the rest of the period flipping through a â€Å"women’s† magazine featuring articles- and many advertisements- on fashion, makeup, health, and personal relationships. [†¦] She has also been using an Internet â€Å"bulletin board† to post ideas and toRead More The Rise and Fall of the Eugnics Movement Essay3928 Words   |  16 Pagesscientific and social revolution during the late 19th century through the Second World War. This essay will explore the topic of eugenics which has disappeared from today’s science textbooks. This includes a thorough history of the origin of eugenics, the people behind its movement, as well as its application in society. Sir Francis Galton Sir Francis Galton first coined the term ‘eugenics’ in 1883. Under his definition, eugenics was the â€Å"study of agencies under social control that may improve orRead MoreEnglish Source Doc.7581 Words   |  31 PagesTitle: Dracula: Stoker s Response to the New Woman Author(s): Carol A. Senf Publication Details: Victorian Studies 26.1 (Autumn 1982): p33-49. Source: Nineteenth-Century Literature Criticism. Ed. Jessica Bomarito and Russel Whitaker. Vol. 156. Detroit: Gale, 2006. From Literature Resource Center. Document Type: Critical essay Full Text: COPYRIGHT 2006 Gale, COPYRIGHT 2007 Gale, Cengage Learning Full Text:   [(essay date autumn 1982) In the following essay, Senf contends that, contraryRead MoreReview Of Charlotte Bronte s Jane Eyre 10879 Words   |  44 PagesBackground of author Name: Charlotte Bronte Birth/Death: April 21, 1816 to March 31,1855 Facts that connect: Mr. Brocklehurst is based off the Reverend Carus Wilson, the man who ran Cowan Bridge. Bronte lost two of her sisters, Mary and Elizabeth, to tuberculosis at Cowan Bridge. Bronte s brother, Patrick, became addicted to drugs and alcohol before he died. Similarities: She, along with her three sisters, was sent to the Clergy Daughters School at Cowan Bridge. Charlotte Bronte lost her mother whenRead MoreAll About Peace Education13195 Words   |  53 Pagespromotion of peace through education is at the heart of UNESCO’s mission. As stated in its constitution of 1945, UNESCO advances international peace and the common welfare of humanity through educational, scientific and cultural relations between peoples of the world. Though the world has changed over the past sixty years and continues to change at an ever increasing rate, UNESCO’s mission - a commitment to promoting universal values of peace and nonviolence, human rights and social justice, interculturalRead MoreT.S. Eliot s The Fire Sermon - a Poem Analysis Focusing on the Elements of Nature5145 Words   |  21 PagesT.S. Eliot The Fire Sermon An analysis of the poem focusing on the elements of nature Joachim TRAUN 0004165 301/341 It is just a piece of rhythmical grumbling (T.S. Eliot on The Waste Land) Table of contents page 1. Introduction 4 2. T.S. Eliot- a brief biography 4 3. The fire sermon 5 3.1 Structure 6 3.2 Intertextuality 6 3.3 Interpretation 8 3.3.1 Water 8 3.3.2 City 11 3.3.3 Fusion 13 4. Conclusion 14 Bibliography 1. Introduction There are not many poemsRead MoreLiterary Criticism : The Free Encyclopedia 7351 Words   |  30 Pageseducation,[2] or coming-of-age story (though it may also be known as a subset of the coming-of-age story) is a literary genre that focuses on the psychological and moral growth of the protagonist from youth to adulthood (coming of age),[3] in which character change is extremely important.[4][5] Contents [hide] 1 Origin 2 Plot outline 3 Examples 3.1 Precursors 3.2 17th century 3.3 18th century 3.4 19th century 3.5 20th century 3.6 21st century 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 Bibliography 8 Further

Project Lead for Journal of Construction Management- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theProject Lead for Journal of Construction Management. Answer: Qualities of a good project leader According to Lloyd-Walker and Walker (2011), to become a leader in a major project, individuals need to possess certain qualities that can help them to achieve the greater things in the project. The qualities of a project leader need to be such that the individuals possessing it can be able to adapt to the changes that are required in the business environment. In this regard, the qualities of project leader need to include having a good vision about the ways to articulate changes in the project. Visionary leaders have the ability to motivate people and make them feel the things that are most important to them. The provide empowerment to the people and encourage them to take decisions that help in the development of a good project. As stated by Mller and Turner (2010) opportunities are provided to the employees to create own vision. At the same time, other qualities include being communicative and display a sense of passion and compassion while working with the team. The competence an d the delegation of the roles can help individuals become an effective leader in project management. Leaders also need to possess the ability to solve complex problems. Requirement of hard and soft skills Hard and soft skills of an individual help in maintaining the proper application of job and provide an individual with the necessary experience required for success. According to Zhao, Hwang and Lee (2016), hard and soft skills need to exist side by side so that an individual can gain the necessary exposure while gaining success at the professional level. The hard skills are the teachable abilities or the skills required that easy to quantify. On the other hand, the soft skills are the practical abilities that are derived from the attitudes of the people. In this regard, it can be said that the hard and soft skills together form the personality of the individuals. This can have a severe effect on the leadership abilities of an individual and consequently help in the development of the character. Hence, it can be said that the leadership abilities of an individual are affected by the hard and soft skill they possess and the manner in which they can apply it in the business world. Thes e skills are important for the effective development of character as well as helping a team to bind together. Concept of leadership Pinto, Patanakul and Pinto (2017) stated that leadership is one of the most important attributes that individuals need to develop during the managing employees. Without proper leadership, it can be difficult for individuals to motivate and guide the employees in a proper. Leadership qualities vary between people based on the personalities and the skills of the individuals. The ability to lead a group of people and organisations in an effective manner keeping in mind the goals of the organisations makes an effective leader. In the case of leadership in project management, it is necessary that the individuals possess certain qualities that are essential for the successful implementation and development of projects (Fairhurst and Connaughton 2014). The leadership attributes are defined by the various styles that are required for the successful guidance of the employees. The styles are based on the personalities of the individuals. These styles help to ensure that every individual can de velop proper qualities of being a leader and ensure that the teamwork in a cooperative manner. However, it needs to be kept in mind that the style of leadership styles needs to be in accordance with the team members. The leadership styles are based on the type of employees in the organisation. Task to undertake to be a good project leader The task to undertake as a project leader is a seven-step process that is necessary for conducting a research in a proper manner. The first and foremost task that needs to be done is the evaluation of a situation. The evaluation of the situation is an important task as the environment of the project need to be determined by the implementation of the project. The evaluation is based on the principles of the environment and the manner in which it can be implemented for the successful development of a project. According to Northouse (2018), the analysis of the environment and the resources of the project need to be determined based on the qualities possessed by the managers. At the same time, the designing of the projects is also an important factor as the planning need to be done based on the proper implementation of a design. Hence, it can be said that the necessity of hard and soft skills can be determined based on the manner in which implementation of a project is processed. The mon itoring of the process of work is another important task that requires being completed so that the leaders can have a proper closure on the abilities of the employees. Qualities of a leader in project management After the analysis of the assignment, it can be said that to become a project manager it is necessary that every individual develop certain qualities that are required for the successful implementation of the project. As stated by Antonakis and Day (2017), one of the essential qualities of a leader in a project management includes the ability to have excellent communication and interpersonal skills. In the modern world, maintaining communication between employee and employer are necessary for the proper conduct of project management. The ability to share the vision of the leaders and the ability to inspire others is important for the development of a leader in project management. Another important point stated by Fairhurst and Connaughton (2014) includes the ability to solve problems. Every team will face problems in one respect or the other. The ability to solve the problem in a proper manner and effectively develops the qualities of a leader. Thus, it can be said that leadership qu alities are important for the effective development of project management. Reference Antonakis, J., and Day, D. V. (Eds.). (2017).The nature of leadership. Sage publications. Fairhurst, G. T., and Connaughton, S. L. (2014). Leadership: A communicative perspective.Leadership,10(1), 7-35. Goleman, D. (2017).Leadership That Gets Results (Harvard Business Review Classics). Harvard Business Press. Lloyd-Walker, B., and Walker, D. (2011). Authentic leadership for 21st century project delivery. International Journal of Project Management, 29(4), 383-395. Mller, R., and Turner, R. (2010). Leadership competency profiles of successful project managers. International Journal of Project Management, 28(5), 437-448. Northouse, P. G. (2018).Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publications. Pinto, J. K., Patanakul, P., and Pinto, M. B. (2017). The aura of capability: Gender bias in selection for a project manager job. International Journal of Project Management, 35(3), 420-431 Zhao, X., Hwang, B. G., and Lee, H. N. (2016). Identifying critical leadership styles of project managers for green building projects. International Journal of Construction Management, 16(2), 150-160.

How to Publish More Compelling Content on LinkedIn

by Eric Hoppe LinkedIn is no longer just a platform to network with other business professionals; it has become one of the leading channels for publishing and sharing original content. By providing useful and interesting content, you can build your personal reputation and boost the profile of your business or website. To create content that attracts attention and engages the LinkedIn audience, you need the right attitude and content strategy. Here, we’ll look at how to create more compelling LinkedIn content that gets read and shared. The Benefits of LinkedIn for Businesses With the ability to direct content at specific audience sectors, LinkedIn is a powerful platform for generating more qualified traffic and potential leads. According to a report on Buffer App, LinkedIn can send around four times more visitors to your homepage than Facebook or Twitter. While you may not get as many shares as Facebook or Twitter, the content you publish on LinkedIn could be more valuable to your business. Long-form postswill also help your SEO content strategy, as they are searchable on and off LinkedIn. Making Your Posts More Engaging Before publishing anything on LinkedIn, think about the needs of your target audience. What do they really want to read about? By focusing on what you know and keeping the audience in mind, you have a much better chance of connecting with your readers and providing valuable content. The most engaging content is written from a professional perspective, but in a conversational tone. Some ideas for topics: – What tricks do you use to help you work more efficiently? – What have you learned from your failures? – Which companies have inspired you? – How do you balance your work and personal life? – What is your stance regarding a current news topic, and how does it relate to your business? By responding to comments and sharing your expertise, you’re more likely to engage other readers and receive more feedback. This will make your articles more valuable and credible. Writing engaging posts is a great start, but if nobody sees them, what’s the point? Keep the following in mind to ensure your posts attract more attention: – Be consistent. In order to build a following, it’s a good idea to publish on a regular basis so that your readers know they can rely on you for new content. Try to publish a new post every week. – Write long-form posts. It increases your credibility and your chances of being found via search engines. – Be specific. Pick a niche you understand, and focus on providing content for this target audience. – Publish early in the week. Studies have shown that Tuesday is probably the best day to publish, as people seem to share more content on this day, and increasingly less toward the weekend. Make Your Posts More Shareable Getting more shares not only increases the opportunity to generate more leads, it’s also a vote of confidence. To get seen by more people and increase your credibility, try the following: – Link to your articles. Promoting your posts both inside and outside of LinkedIn maximizes your exposure, which is key to content success. When it’s relevant, share your posts on your other online platforms such as your website and other social media platforms. Linking to other posts is also a great way to build relationships with other businesses. – Use catchy titles. Many LinkedIn users will scan headlines and only click on the titles that jump out at them. Draw attention to your posts with interesting and intriguing titles. A strong title also helps you keep focused during writing. – Check your analytics. LinkedIn has built in analytics to help you monitor the progress of your content. Find out which articles get more views and shares, and then optimize future content to try to repeat past successes. How to Get Featured in Pulse Pulse by LinkedIn is the professional news and content sharing app that helps you find content relevant to you. If your content is high quality and gains enough popularity, it could be featured on Pulse. Here’s how to improve your chances of success: – Write niche content that is aimed at specific business groups – Write content that is relevant to your followers and target audience – Write original, thought-provoking content – Use memorable titles – Encourage people to comment and then respond to comments – Encourage people to share your posts Ultimately, publishing compelling content on LinkedIn is similar to creating content for your blog, website, or other social media channels. Listen to what your target audience wants and then publish consistently useful content. Having trouble creating a steady stream of unique content to publish? Buy content with our article writing service to easily drive traffic to your site also and increase your authority on LinkedIn.

T00583377 Essays - Tayeb, Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers

T00583377 Essays - Tayeb, Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers G.S T00583377 ACADEMIC RESPONSE TO "A HANDFUL OF DATES" BY TAYEP SALIH. The story is about the flashback which is narrated by the boy, Tayeb. the author reveals the innocence, nature as well as love and respect for his grandfather. In the story the boy Tayeb treat his grandfather as a god because he teaches him Koran. As he describes, "I love him and would imagine myself, when I grew to be a man, tall and slender like him"(Salih, 1969, p.138). everyone faces a strong relationship with their grandparents when they are child. I feel that experience to I admired my grandmother because they teach me to work hard in life if you want to be successful in your life. In the story the boy Tayeb admired his grandfather but when he realized that her grandfather was a greedy and ambitious person than he changed her feelings about her. I enjoyed the point of view in first person and the way he describes his feelings of love and admiration about his grandfather because I also feel the same strong feelings of love and admiration about my dad and my grandfather.

Sociological View of the Gender Wage Gap Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Sociological View of the Gender Wage Gap - Essay Example This fact when established was exasperating to many working women since even though the education and training of a neurosurgeon may be a highly cumbersome process, the significance of a neurosurgeon is not hard to determine. The establishment of this fact has shown that the wage gap between men and women is not based on qualification, but is indeed founded upon prejudice based on sexual discrimination. Overtime, the wage rate difference between men and women has decreased so much so that women are now being recorded to make 80% of what men make as compared to the startling 60% that was recorded in 1970. Over time, laws and clauses have been introduced to tackle this problem and to extract and eliminate the element of sexism influencing pay scales in the work place, yet the issue still prevails (The Council of Economic Advisers, 1998). Some critics and analysts choose to deny the wage gap between the two sexes, yet as more and more women join the work force the gap only appears more clearly every year. Congress took stern note of sexual discrimination influencing wage rates when in 1963, through the Equal Pay Act, an amendment to the Fair Labor Standards Act. But this was not the first time discrimination in the work place had been addressed in the corridors of power. Before 1963 came the Americans with Disabilities Act in 1990, and then later in 1964 The Civil Rights Act also addressed the issue as did the Discrimination in Employment Act later in 1967. These laws were put into place by the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and adherence to them is overseen by the same (The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 2008). Legislation has addressed wage discrimination very specifically. Pay differential factors have been outlined to be merit rather than sex and it has been specified that a difference between the job content and the job title is to be observed. Jobs are not to be judged or remunerated by the title that they entail but by the contents, responsibilities and the nature of those responsibilities that they necessitate. Also, it has been delineated that the skills required for the job are to be considered a factor contributing to the pronouncement of the wage rather than the sum of skills that a person possess. The wages can differ based upon working conditions such as environmental hazards and mental or physical exertion but not under any condition upon the gender of the employee. Influenced by an increase in the wage gap observed by the U.S. Census Bureau, it has been suggested that the wage gap between the sexes can be eliminated by increasing the minimum wage level and enforcing acts such as the Equal Employment Opportunity Acts more assertively. It has also been suggested that women should be entitled to more family friendly work environment policies so as to allow them to bear and balance the burden of the responsibility of their families as well as of the work place (Longley, 2004). Certain multinational organizations have heeded this suggestion and have established programs such as day care centers for the children of the female employees and special paid maternal leaves to allow women to exercise their role in

Factors that influence female entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia Essay

Factors that influence female entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia - Essay Example The first issue is that it puts further pressure on the male jobseekers; second, it contradicts social customs that prelude women from working in environments where they can openly mix with men. As such, women prefer to work in environments that respect the local customs and traditions, but also allow them to contribute fully to the country’s economic development. The current economic status of Saudi women is unknown, as there are no recent government figures. However, a 2004 study carried out by King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah states that women held nearly 30 percent of the bank accounts in the kingdom, with deposits worth SR62 billion, held 20 percent of corporate shares, own 15 percent of private companies and 10 percent of the real estate sector (Abdul Ghafour, 4 June 2004). The status of the Saudi economy remains untouched by the recent global financial crisis because of high oil revenues. Thus, the lavish lifestyles of Saudis, particularly women, have not changed at all. Despite all of these socioeconomic figures, the beauty salon industry is being squeezed in this economy because businesswomen prefer to invest in safe business opportunities. The Saudi beauty salon industry is huge, yet it is not a trouble-free industry. There are large risk factors in this industry, particularly inherent operational risk. This type of risk can be divided into two subcategories: (1) internal risk, which comes from within the industry and its daily practices; and (2) external risk, which is derived from outside factors such as governmental amendments or social ethics. According to a study carried out by Ghaida Aljerfani, who is a member of the Eastern Province Chamber of Commerce, more than 150 beauty salons are put up for sale every month. This number is quite significant compared to similar industries.